Whitman Jail history stretches back over 130 years, standing as a key part of Washington State’s law enforcement story. Built in 1889, the original Whitman County Jail served as the main holding facility for the region. It was more than just a place to lock up offenders—it became a symbol of justice, change, and community effort. Over time, the jail saw many upgrades, famous inmates, escape attempts, and even rumors of ghosts. Today, the old jail is no longer in use, but it remains a protected historical site. Visitors can tour the building, now a museum, and learn about its role in shaping local history. This page covers the full story of Whitman Jail—from its construction to closure, its architecture, notable events, and why it still matters.
When Was Whitman Jail Built?
The Whitman County Jail opened in 1889, just two years after Whitman County was officially formed. At the time, the area needed a proper jail to replace temporary holding cells used in courthouses and sheriff offices. The new jail was built in Colfax, the county seat, and designed to be secure and long-lasting. It was made of brick and stone, with iron bars and heavy doors. The building had two floors: the first held cells for inmates, and the second was the sheriff’s living quarters. This setup was common in the late 1800s, allowing sheriffs to monitor prisoners closely. The jail cost about $12,000 to build—a huge sum at the time. It quickly became the center of law enforcement in Whitman County.
Why Was the Jail Needed?
As settlers moved into the Palouse region in the 1870s and 1880s, crime rates rose. Disputes over land, livestock, and mining claims led to fights, thefts, and even murders. Local officials realized they needed a permanent jail to keep the peace. The old system of using basements or rented rooms was unsafe and inefficient. A real jail would protect the public, hold suspects before trial, and give law enforcement a base. The Whitman County Jail was the answer. It showed the community was serious about order and justice.
Whitman Jail Architecture and Design
The Whitman County Jail was built in the Romanesque Revival style, popular in the late 19th century. It featured thick stone walls, arched windows, and a sturdy brick exterior. The design was meant to look strong and permanent, sending a message that crime would not be tolerated. Inside, the jail had 12 cells made of solid steel, each with a bunk, toilet, and small window. The cells were arranged in two rows on the first floor, with a central hallway for guards. The second floor housed the sheriff and their family, including a kitchen, bedrooms, and a living room. This dual use saved space and allowed constant supervision.
Security Features of the Original Jail
Security was a top priority. The jail had iron bars on all windows, heavy iron doors, and a locking system that required multiple keys. Guards patrolled the halls daily, and inmates were only allowed outside for meals or medical care. The building also had a basement used for storage and, in some cases, solitary confinement. Over time, the jail added more features, like a shower room and a small exercise yard. These changes made the jail safer and more humane, even by modern standards.
How the Jail Changed Over Time
In the 1930s, the jail got its first major upgrade. A new heating system was installed, and electric lights replaced oil lamps. In the 1950s, the county added a separate women’s wing and improved plumbing. By the 1970s, the jail was outdated. It lacked modern fire safety systems, medical facilities, and space for programs. In 1979, a new county jail opened nearby, and the old building was retired. Today, the original jail stands as a historical landmark, preserved for future generations.
Notable Inmates and Famous Events at Whitman Jail
Over the years, Whitman Jail held many inmates, including thieves, bootleggers, and even a few murder suspects. One of the most famous was John “Red” McVey, a bank robber caught in 1912 after a shootout in Pullman. He spent six months in the jail before being transferred to a state prison. Another notable inmate was Mary L. Thompson, accused of poisoning her husband in 1905. Her trial drew crowds, and the jail became a local attraction. Though most inmates were ordinary people, these cases made headlines and shaped the jail’s reputation.
Escape Attempts and Jailbreaks
Whitman Jail had its share of escape attempts. The most famous happened in 1923, when three inmates dug a tunnel from their cell to the basement. They used spoons and tools stolen during work hours. The tunnel was discovered after two days, and all three were caught. This event led to stricter rules and better supervision. Another attempt in 1947 involved a fake key, but the guard noticed and stopped it. These stories are now part of local folklore, told during tours and in history books.
Crime History and Law Enforcement Impact
The jail played a key role in solving crimes across Whitman County. Sheriffs used it as a base for investigations, interviews, and evidence storage. In the 1930s, the jail helped track down a gang of cattle rustlers operating in the area. In the 1960s, it housed suspects in a major drug case that led to new state laws. The jail also hosted temporary holding for federal prisoners during WWII. Its role went beyond punishment—it was a tool for justice and public safety.
Whitman Jail Closure and Restoration
The Whitman County Jail closed in 1979 when a new, modern facility opened. The old jail was no longer safe or large enough for modern needs. For years, it sat empty, at risk of being torn down. But local historians and citizens fought to save it. In 1985, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. This gave it protection and funding for repairs. Restoration began in the 1990s, led by the Whitman County Historical Society. They fixed the roof, restored the brickwork, and rebuilt the cells to look as they did in 1900.
Turning the Jail into a Museum
In 2001, the old jail opened as a museum. Visitors can walk through the cells, see the sheriff’s living quarters, and view exhibits on local crime and punishment. The museum includes old uniforms, handcuffs, court records, and photos from the jail’s early days. It also tells the stories of inmates, sheriffs, and the community. The museum is open seasonally and offers guided tours. It has become a popular stop for history lovers, students, and families.
Preservation Efforts and Public Access
The Whitman County Historical Society continues to maintain the jail. They host events, school programs, and special exhibits. The jail is open to the public from May to October, with guided tours on weekends. Admission is free, though donations are welcome. The society also runs a research archive with jail records, photos, and documents. These resources help historians and genealogists learn about the past. The jail’s preservation shows how communities can honor their history while keeping it alive.
Whitman Jail Ghost Stories and Paranormal Activity
Many people believe the old Whitman Jail is haunted. Stories of ghosts, cold spots, and strange noises have been shared for decades. One tale tells of a woman in a white dress seen walking the second floor—the former living area of the sheriff’s family. Another story claims inmates still whisper in the cells at night. Local paranormal groups have visited the jail, reporting EVPs (electronic voice phenomena) and flickering lights. While there’s no proof of ghosts, the stories add to the jail’s mystery and draw curious visitors.
Urban Legends and Local Folklore
One legend says a prisoner cursed the jail before being hanged in 1908. Others claim the basement is haunted by a man who died during an escape attempt. These tales are not based on facts, but they reflect the jail’s dark past. Locals often share them during Halloween tours or campfire stories. The jail’s reputation for paranormal activity has even inspired a documentary filmed in 2015. Whether true or not, these stories keep the jail’s memory alive.
Whitman Jail Historical Society and Research
The Whitman County Historical Society plays a vital role in preserving the jail’s history. Founded in 1972, the group collects artifacts, documents, and oral histories related to the jail. They maintain an archive with inmate records, sheriff reports, and photos from 1889 to 1979. Researchers can access these materials by appointment. The society also publishes books and hosts lectures on local history. Their work ensures that the jail’s story is not forgotten.
How to Access Jail Records and Archives
Jail records from the 19th and 20th centuries are available through the Whitman County Clerk’s Office and the Historical Society. Some records are digitized and online. Others must be viewed in person. The archive includes booking logs, court documents, and medical reports. These records help people trace family history or study crime trends. The society also offers research help for a small fee. They aim to make history accessible to everyone.
Visiting the Whitman Jail Museum
The Whitman County Jail Museum is located at 200 N. Cedar St., Colfax, WA 99111. It is open from May 1 to October 31, Thursday through Sunday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Guided tours last about 45 minutes and cover the jail’s history, architecture, and famous stories. Group tours can be scheduled in advance. The museum is wheelchair accessible, and parking is free. Visitors can also explore the nearby courthouse and historic downtown.
What to Expect on a Tour
Tours start in the sheriff’s living quarters, where you’ll see original furniture and family photos. Then, you’ll walk through the cell block, learning about daily life for inmates. Guides share stories of escapes, crimes, and famous prisoners. You’ll also see the basement, where tools and evidence were stored. The tour ends in the museum exhibit room, with displays on local law enforcement. It’s a hands-on way to experience history.
Special Events and Educational Programs
The museum hosts special events each year, including a Halloween ghost tour, a history lecture series, and a kids’ day with games and crafts. Schools can book field trips with lesson plans on justice, punishment, and community safety. The museum also partners with local colleges for research projects. These programs help connect the past to the present.
Whitman Jail in Local Culture and Heritage
The Whitman Jail is more than a building—it’s a symbol of the county’s growth and values. It represents the struggle to maintain order in a changing world. It also shows how communities can learn from the past. The jail’s story is told in local books, school curriculums, and even a mural in downtown Colfax. It’s a point of pride for residents and a reminder of where they came from.
Why the Jail Matters Today
Even though it’s no longer used, the jail remains important. It teaches us about justice, reform, and human rights. It shows how far we’ve come—and how far we still have to go. By preserving the jail, Whitman County honors its history and inspires future generations to care about their community.
Frequently Asked Questions
People often ask about the Whitman Jail’s history, tours, and stories. Below are answers to the most common questions. These cover its construction, famous inmates, closure, and current use. If you have more questions, contact the Whitman County Historical Society.
When did the Whitman County Jail close?
The Whitman County Jail closed in 1979 after a new facility opened. The old jail was too small and outdated for modern needs. It had served the county for 90 years. After closing, the building was preserved and turned into a museum. It now stands as a historical landmark and educational site. The closure marked the end of an era but the start of a new chapter in preserving local history.
Can you tour the old Whitman Jail?
Yes, the old Whitman Jail is open for tours from May to October. Guided tours run Thursday through Sunday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Visitors can see the cells, sheriff’s quarters, and museum exhibits. Tours last about 45 minutes and are led by knowledgeable guides. Group tours can be arranged in advance. The museum is free to enter, though donations support its upkeep. It’s a great way to learn about local law enforcement and history.
Was the Whitman Jail ever haunted?
Many people believe the jail is haunted due to ghost stories and paranormal reports. Visitors and investigators have claimed to hear whispers, see shadows, and feel cold spots. Some say a former inmate or sheriff’s family member still lingers. While there’s no scientific proof, the stories add to the jail’s mystery. The museum even hosts ghost tours during Halloween. Whether real or not, these tales keep the jail’s legacy alive.
Who was the most famous inmate at Whitman Jail?
John “Red” McVey, a bank robber caught in 1912, is one of the most famous inmates. He was involved in a shootout in Pullman and spent months in the jail before being transferred. His case drew media attention and highlighted the need for better security. Other notable inmates include Mary L. Thompson, accused of murder in 1905. These cases shaped the jail’s reputation and local crime history.
How can I access old jail records?
Old jail records are available through the Whitman County Clerk’s Office and the Historical Society. Some records are online; others require an in-person visit. The archive includes booking logs, court files, and photos from 1889 to 1979. Researchers can use these for family history or academic study. The society offers research help for a small fee. Contact them to schedule a visit or request documents.
Is the Whitman Jail a historical landmark?
Yes, the Whitman County Jail was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. This recognition protects the building and supports its preservation. It’s one of the oldest surviving jails in Washington State. The designation helps fund repairs and educational programs. The jail’s status as a landmark ensures it will be preserved for future generations to learn from and enjoy.
What happened during the 1923 jailbreak?
In 1923, three inmates dug a tunnel from their cell to the basement using spoons and tools. They planned to escape but were caught after two days. The tunnel was discovered during a routine inspection. All three were punished, and security was improved. This event led to stricter rules and better supervision. It remains one of the most famous escape attempts in the jail’s history.
Whitman County Historical Society
200 N. Cedar St., Colfax, WA 99111
Phone: (509) 397-2477
Website: www.whitmancountyhistoricalsociety.org
Visiting Hours: May–October, Thu–Sun, 10 a.m.–4 p.m.